Plants and Animals

Leaves make food for the plant through photosynthesis using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide.

Herbivores are animals that eat only plants. Examples include rabbits, deer, and cows.

Plants need sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to make food through the process of photosynthesis.

The main parts of a plant are:
1. Roots - absorb water and nutrients from soil
2. Stem - carries water and nutrients, supports the plant
3. Leaves - make food through photosynthesis
4. Flowers - help in reproduction
5. Fruits - protect seeds and help in seed dispersal

Living things: They grow, breathe, eat, move, reproduce, and respond to their surroundings. Examples: plants, animals, humans.

Non-living things: They do not grow, breathe, eat, or reproduce. Examples: rocks, water, air, furniture.

Herbivores (plant eaters): Cow, rabbit, deer, elephant, goat

Carnivores (meat eaters): Lion, tiger, wolf, eagle, snake

Omnivores (eat both plants and animals): Human, bear, crow, pig, dog

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants make their own food.

Process:
1. Plants take in carbon dioxide from air through tiny pores in leaves called stomata
2. Roots absorb water from the soil
3. Leaves capture sunlight using a green substance called chlorophyll
4. Using sunlight energy, plants combine carbon dioxide and water to make glucose (sugar)
5. Oxygen is released as a by-product

Importance:
• Plants get food and energy to grow
• Oxygen is produced, which all living beings need to breathe
• It helps maintain the balance of gases in the atmosphere
• Plants form the base of all food chains
• It removes carbon dioxide from the air, helping reduce pollution

Animal habitats are places where animals live and find everything they need to survive.

Types of habitats:

1. Forest habitat:
• Trees provide shelter and food
• Examples: Elephants, tigers, monkeys, birds
• Rich in plant and animal life

2. Desert habitat:
• Very hot and dry with little water
• Examples: Camels, lizards, snakes, cactus plants
• Animals adapt to conserve water

3. Water habitat:
• Freshwater: Rivers, lakes, ponds - fish, frogs, ducks
• Saltwater: Oceans, seas - whales, dolphins, sharks
• Animals have special features for swimming

4. Grassland habitat:
• Open areas with grass
• Examples: Zebras, lions, grasshoppers
• Good for grazing animals

5. Mountain habitat:
• Cold and rocky areas
• Examples: Snow leopards, mountain goats, eagles
• Thick fur to keep warm

Animals adapt to their environment in various ways to survive:

1. Physical adaptations:
• Thick fur: Polar bears have thick white fur to stay warm in cold Arctic
• Long neck: Giraffes have long necks to reach high leaves on trees
• Webbed feet: Ducks have webbed feet for swimming
• Sharp claws: Lions have sharp claws for hunting

2. Behavioral adaptations:
• Migration: Birds fly to warmer places in winter
• Hibernation: Bears sleep through cold winter months
• Camouflage: Chameleons change color to hide from predators
• Nocturnal behavior: Owls hunt at night when it's cooler

3. Feeding adaptations:
• Sharp teeth: Carnivores have sharp teeth for tearing meat
• Flat teeth: Herbivores have flat teeth for grinding plants
• Long beak: Hummingbirds have long beaks to reach nectar in flowers

4. Breathing adaptations:
• Gills: Fish have gills to breathe underwater
• Large lungs: Whales can hold breath for long periods underwater

These adaptations help animals find food, escape danger, and survive in their specific environments.